The Economy of Irish Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Economy of Irish Republic - Essay Example (Christopher T. Whelan 2007 ).However the current position of the slump in the ICT market has caused a temporary slump in the period of 2006-2007.It has been suggested that a policy focusing on retaining a deflated real exchange rate/real wage rate would benefit Ireland in the longer term.towards a macro-economic balance. (Christopher T. Whelan 2007 )In 2001 alone the interest rate was more than 3 % for the economy and it has been brought down recently to pave the way for a better monetary policy based economic performance by marked increase in public finances strengthened markedly and a cut down in the public debt with a surplus in the Foreign trade balance. (OECD 2001-2006)There have been recent strong gains in the disposable incomes and wealth, and investment has improved but there is a marked danger of the labour supply shortage.The better part of the Irish economy is that it has managed a low inflation rate (5%) for the past one decade despite the high fuel prices in the interna tional market and tax increases in tobacco prices and the service sector. (OECD 2001-2006) Inflationary pressures are also coming from the employment sector but have been avoided in the interests of a tight fiscal and monetary policy.However in the face of the promising productivity growth the monetary conditions in Ireland are expansionary based upon the rapid increases in house prices and private sector credit and lending. (Christopher T. Whelan 2007 ) Tax revenues have also been promising in the face of a booming economy and have enabled sizable tax cuts and increases in real spending over the past three years for the business community.There is also an over all increase in consumer spending based on the successful international and EU trade performance of Ireland with in the past few years.Coming back to the interest rates there has been a peak in overall inflation because of the above factors but the nominal interest rates have been accordingly adjusted to adjust to the hazards of inflation without disturbing an overall real increase in disposable incomes The success of the Irish Economy mainly due to the governments attempts at the effective macro-economic policy management. Currently the Irish Economy has a nominal GDP of 180.7 billion. with a real GDP growth of 6% and a Nominal GDP per capita of $44,500. (National Statistics 2006).With an export industry that relies heavily on food processing, beverages, engineering, chemicals, pharmaceutical and construction and an export industry based upon machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, and beverages the country deals mainly with the US and the Great Britain in terms of Foreign trade. (www.imf.org). Popularly labelled as the "Celtic Tiger" the country has witnessed massive GDP growth in the past three years alongwith its progressive industrial policy and massive foreign direct investment. (Honohan, P. and Walsh, B. 2002) The economy did take a slump during the post 9/11 scenario and there was no longer the

DNA & The Judicial System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DNA & The Judicial System - Essay Example Evolution of DNA technology to solve criminal cases is not a new phenomenon. Media has extensively popularized the concept of DNA technology and its role in the fight against crime and injustice. This extensive coverage is not just for the mere reason that the technology is relatively new in the judicial system, but because of its peculiar accuracy in convicting or exonerating suspects. Legislation has been a major issue in the application of DNA technology. These stem from incessant use of the technology in data banking to using DNA tests in post-conviction tests. Originally, the test was developed solely for determining paternity of children. Samples taken under clinical conditions were studied for genetic evidence linking parents to children. The maiden time DNA technology made its way into the judicial system was in 1986. Police in England asked a molecular biologist and researcher, Alec Jeffreys to use DNA tests to verify the validity of 17 year old boy in two cases of sexual as sault in the English Midlands. The twist in the test results that proved the boy to be innocent of the offenses, and a later conviction of the real perpetrator using the same DNA test made DNA testing a technology to revere in the judicial system. In 1987, the first DNA-based conviction took place in the United States. Tommy Lee was convicted in Circuit Courts, Florida within the Orange County for rape. The DNA test on samples of semen collected from a victim matched his DNA construct. This did not, however, change the public and judicial mindset did not take immediate effect until a high court ruled in favor of DNA test. In 1989, the state high court of West Virginia ruled in favor of DNA sample tests on a rape case.... The DNA test on samples of semen collected from a victim matched his DNA construct. This did not, however, change the public and judicial mindset did not take immediate effect until a high court ruled in favor of DNA test. In 1989, the state high court of West Virginia ruled in favor of DNA sample tests on a rape case (Lazer, 2010). The first years of the ground-breaking use of DNA in administering justice did not attract dispute and public uproar. This, however, changed as the technique became more widely used by prosecutors. Defense attorneys began challenging and disputing the admissibility of DNA tests as grounds of administering justice. Admissibility of a new technology in judicial system is determined using two universally agreed standards. These are the Daubert Standard and the Frye Standard. The first standard of admissibility, Daubert Standard originates from 1993 case of Daubert v Merrel Dow Pharmaceuticals. The court ruled during this famous legal tussle that evidence and proof must possess enough scientific reliability and validity to be admitted as relevant scientific knowledge which would be used to assist the trier of facts (Yang, 2011). The earlier standard named Frye Standard is based in a 1923 case of Frye v United States. During this important ruling, the court pronounced that in order for a novel scientific technology to be admissible, scientific evidence must be thoroughly established to have acquired general acceptance in the field that it belongs. Considering the two standards of admissibility of technology, it would be level-minded to conclude that DNA technology meets the criteria of determining admissibility. The technology belongs to the field of medicine and clinical practices (Ze-Lian & Drew, 2008). Prior to its usage in the